.display{
                    display:none;
                }
                .desktopVIew{
                    display:block;
                }
    	    @media only screen and (max-width: 991px)
    	    {
                .header-information .option-item .navbar-btn .default-btn {
                    padding: 3px 3px !important;
                    font-size: 10px;
                    border: 1px solid;
                }
                 .display{
                    display:none;
                }
                .desktopVIew{
                    display:block;
                }
    	    }
    	    @media only screen and (max-width: 1280px)
            {
                .download-now
                {
                    display: none;
                }
                 .display{
                    display:none;
                }
                .desktopVIew{
                    display:block;
                }
            }
    	    @media only screen and (max-width: 767px)
    	    {
                .top-header-information li {
                    margin-bottom: 15px;
                    margin-right: 10px;
                    padding-left: 0;
                    font-size: 12px;
                }
                 .display{
                    display:none;
                }
                .desktopVIew{
                    display:block;
                }

                .blog-content .default-btn {
                    display: inline-block;
                    padding: 15px 60px 15px 10px;
                    border-radius: 10px 10px 0 10px;
                    font-size: 10px;
                }

                .respomobi
                {
                    width:50%;
                }

                .ebs
                {
                    padding-left: 0px !important;
                }

                .contact-info-box .icon i {
                        font-size: 36px;
                    }

                /*.contact-form
                {
                    padding-right: 1rem!important;
                    padding-left: 1rem!important;
                }*/
            }

            .ebs
            {
                padding-left: 50px;
            }
            @media only screen and (max-width: 767px)
            {
                .page-banner-with-full-image {
                    padding-top: 30px !important;
                }

                .display{
                    display:block;
                }
                .desktopVIew{
                    display:none;
                }

                .page-banner-content-two h2 {
                    font-size: 25px;
                }

                .blog-details-desc .article-content .title-box {
                    text-align: left;
                }

                .mobw-25
                {
                    width:25%;
                    padding-left: 10px !important;
                }

                .mobw-75
                {
                    width:75%;
                }

                .blogright {
                    background-color: #ebebeb00;
                }

                input[type=text], select {
                    width: 100% !important;
                    height: 42px !important;
                }

                input[type=email], select {
                    width: 100% !important;
                    height: 42px !important;
                }

                input[type=number], select {
                    width: 100% !important;
                    height: 42px !important;
                }

                .form-control {
                    font-size: 0.7rem;
                }

                label {
                    font-size: 0.7rem;
                }

                input[type=submit] {
                    width: 100%;
                    font-size: 14px;
                }

                .authorPhotoSection1
                {
                    width:100% !important;
                }

                .authorPhotoSection2
                {
                    width:100% !important;
                    margin-top:10px;
                }

                .page-banner-with-full-image {
                    height: 160px !important;
                }
            }
            @media only screen and (max-width: 1199px)
            {
                .main-responsive-nav .main-responsive-menu.mean-container .navbar-nav {
                    height: auto !important;
                    max-height: 70vh;
                    overflow-y: auto;
                    font-size: 15px !important;
                }
                 .display{
                    display:none;
                }
                .desktopVIew{
                    display:block;
                }
            }

            .authorPhotoSection1
            {
                width:30%;
                height: 45px;
            }

            .authorPhotoSection2
            {
                width:70%;
            }

            .authorPhotoCust
            {
                background-position: center;
                background-repeat: no-repeat;
                background-size: cover;
                width: 45px;
                height: 45px;
                border-radius: 100%;
                position: absolute;
            }

            /* Mobile Author Login Icon Button */
            .mobile-user-btn {
                display: flex;
                align-items: center;
                justify-content: center;
                width: 34px;
                height: 34px;
                background: #1a1a2e;
                color: #fff !important;
                border-radius: 8px;
                text-decoration: none !important;
                font-size: 15px;
                transition: 0.2s;
            }
            .mobile-user-btn:hover, .mobile-user-btn:focus { background: #2563eb; color: #fff !important; }

            /* Position the responsive icons (search + user) next to hamburger */
            .responsive-user-icon {
                list-style: none;
                margin: 0;
                padding: 0;
                position: absolute;
                right: 80px;
                top: 50%;
                transform: translateY(-50%);
                z-index: 999;
                display: flex !important;
                align-items: center;
                gap: 22px;
            }
            .responsive-user-icon li { list-style: none; }
            .responsive-user-icon .others-options { margin: 0 !important; }
            .responsive-user-icon .search-box { cursor: pointer; margin-right: 10px; }
            .responsive-user-icon .option-item {
                display: flex !important;
                align-items: center !important;
                justify-content: center !important;
            }
            .responsive-user-icon .search-box i { font-size: 24px !important; color: #1a1a2e; line-height: 1; display: block; }
            .responsive-user-icon .mobile-user-btn { margin-left: 10px; }

            /* ====== GLOBAL FRONTEND RESPONSIVE ====== */

            /* Prevent Desktop Navigation Wrapping */
            @media (min-width: 1200px) {
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-link {
                    padding-left: 8px !important;
                    padding-right: 8px !important;
                    font-size: 14px !important;
                    white-space: nowrap !important;
                }
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav {
                    flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
                }
                .main-navbar .navbar-brand {
                    margin-right: 15px !important;
                }
            }

            /* Tablet (1199px — when meanmenu kicks in) */
            @media (max-width: 1199px) {
                /* Remove navbar top/bottom padding */
                .navbar-area { padding-top: 0 !important; padding-bottom: 0 !important; border-bottom: none !important; }
                .main-responsive-nav { border-bottom: none !important; }
                .mean-bar { border-bottom: none !important; }
                .mean-container { border-bottom: none !important; }

                /* Top header email bar — compact */
                .header-information { padding: 5px 12px; }
                .header-information .top-header-information { font-size: 12px; }
                .header-information .option-item .navbar-btn .default-btn { padding: 6px 14px !important; font-size: 11px; }

                /* Top area with social links — hide on tablet/mobile */
                .top-header-area { display: none !important; }

                /* Mobile nav logo — bigger & crisp */
                .main-responsive-nav .logo img {
                    width: auto !important;
                    height: 65px !important;
                    max-width: 195px !important;
                    object-fit: contain;
                }

                /* Ensure the nav container is flex for proper alignment */
                .main-responsive-nav .container {
                    position: relative;
                    display: flex;
                    align-items: center;
                    min-height: 75px;
                    padding: 8px 12px;
                }

                .main-responsive-nav .main-responsive-menu {
                    flex: 1;
                    min-width: 0;
                }

                /* MeanMenu hamburger — reposition properly */
                .mean-container a.meanmenu-reveal {
                    position: absolute !important;
                    right: 0 !important;
                    top: 50% !important;
                    transform: translateY(-50%);
                    margin-top: 0 !important;
                    padding: 8px 0 !important;
                }

                /* ===== MODERN MEANMENU DRAWER — LIGHT THEME ===== */
                .mean-container .mean-nav {
                    background: #ffffff !important;
                    border-radius: 0 !important;
                    overflow: hidden;
                    box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.10);
                    border-top: none !important;
                }
                .mean-container .mean-nav ul {
                    background: #ffffff !important;
                }
                .mean-container .mean-nav > ul > li > a,
                .mean-container .mean-nav ul li a {
                    color: #1a1a2e !important;
                    font-size: 14px !important;
                    font-weight: 600 !important;
                    padding: 14px 20px !important;
                    border-top: 1px solid #f0f0f0 !important;
                    background: #ffffff !important;
                    letter-spacing: 0.2px;
                    transition: color 0.15s, background 0.15s;
                    text-transform: none !important;
                }
                .mean-container .mean-nav > ul > li > a:hover,
                .mean-container .mean-nav ul li a:hover {
                    background: #fdf0f0 !important;
                    color: #1658b3 !important;
                }
                .mean-container .mean-nav ul li li a {
                    font-size: 13px !important;
                    padding: 11px 32px !important;
                    color: #475569 !important;
                    border-top: 1px solid #f5f5f5 !important;
                    background: #fafafa !important;
                    font-weight: 400 !important;
                }
                .mean-container .mean-nav ul li li a:hover { color: #1658b3 !important; background: #fdf0f0 !important; }
                .mean-container a.meanmenu-reveal span {
                    background: #1a1a2e !important;
                }
                .mean-container .mean-nav ul li .mean-expand {
                    background: #f8f8f8 !important;
                    color: #1a1a2e !important;
                    border-left: 1px solid #e5e7eb !important;
                    font-size: 16px !important;
                    height: 100% !important;
                }
                /* Author Login CTA at bottom of meanmenu */
                .mean-nav-login-btn {
                    display: block;
                    margin: 16px 20px 20px;
                    padding: 13px 20px;
                    background: #1658b3;
                    color: #fff !important;
                    text-align: center;
                    border-radius: 8px;
                    font-size: 15px !important;
                    font-weight: 600;
                    text-decoration: none;
                    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
                    transition: background 0.2s;
                }
                .mean-nav-login-btn:hover { background: #a51414; color: #fff !important; }
            }

            /* Mobile phones */
            @media (max-width: 768px) {
                /* Email bar tighter */
                .header-information { padding: 4px 10px; }
                .header-information .top-header-information li:first-child a { font-size: 11px; }
                .header-information .option-item .navbar-btn .default-btn { padding: 4px 10px !important; font-size: 10px; }

                /* Logo — slightly bigger on phones */
                .main-responsive-nav .logo img {
                    height: 55px !important;
                    max-width: 195px !important;
                }

                /* Page banners */
                .page-banner-with-full-image {
                    height: 160px !important;
                    min-height: 160px !important;
                    max-height: 160px !important;
                    padding-top: 0 !important;
                    padding-bottom: 0 !important;
                    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
                    background-size: cover !important;
                    background-position: center center !important;
                    background-attachment: scroll !important;
                    overflow: hidden !important;
                    display: flex !important;
                    align-items: center !important;
                    justify-content: center !important;
                }
                .page-banner-with-full-image::before { height: 160px !important; }
                .page-banner-with-full-image .container {
                    height: 160px !important;
                    min-height: 160px !important;
                    display: flex !important;
                    align-items: center !important;
                    justify-content: center !important;
                    padding: 0 12px !important;
                    width: 100% !important;
                    max-width: 100% !important;
                }
                .page-banner-with-full-image .page-banner-content-two {
                    display: flex !important;
                    flex-direction: column !important;
                    align-items: center !important;
                    justify-content: center !important;
                    text-align: center !important;
                    padding: 0 20px !important;
                    width: 100% !important;
                }
                .page-banner-content-two h2 { font-size: 25px !important; font-weight: 700 !important; margin-bottom: 10px !important; color: #fff !important; }
                .page-banner-content-two ul { margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; display: flex !important; align-items: center !important; justify-content: center !important; gap: 8px !important; }
                .page-banner-content-two ul li { font-size: 14px !important; }

                /* Section spacing */
                .ptb-100 { padding-top: 50px !important; padding-bottom: 50px !important; }
                .pt-100 { padding-top: 50px !important; }
                .pb-70 { padding-bottom: 35px !important; }

                /* ===== Article page — author images ===== */
                .author_img {
                    width: 90px !important;
                    height: 90px !important;
                    max-width: 90px !important;
                    object-fit: cover !important;
                    border-radius: 12px !important;
                    display: block !important;
                }
                .instructor-image img {
                    width: 90px !important;
                    height: 90px !important;
                    max-width: 90px !important;
                    object-fit: cover !important;
                }
                .courses-instructor .row { margin-top: 20px !important; }
                .mob-t-2 { margin-top: 16px !important; }
                .author_details_s h5 { font-size: 15px !important; }
                .author_details_s p { font-size: 13px !important; }

                /* ===== Hero banner buttons fix ===== */
                .main-banner-content h1, .main-slides-content h1 { font-size: 22px !important; line-height: 1.3 !important; }
                .main-banner-content p, .main-slides-content p { font-size: 14px !important; }

                /* Stack banner buttons vertically */
                .banner-btn, .slides-btn {
                    display: flex !important;
                    flex-direction: column !important;
                    align-items: center !important;
                    gap: 10px !important;
                }

                /* Fix default-btn: show full text, icon inline */
                .banner-btn .default-btn,
                .banner-btn .optional-btn {
                    position: relative !important;
                    padding: 12px 45px 12px 18px !important;
                    font-size: 14px !important;
                    border-radius: 10px !important;
                    width: 200px !important;
                    text-align: center !important;
                    display: inline-block !important;
                }
                .banner-btn .default-btn i,
                .banner-btn .optional-btn i {
                    position: absolute !important;
                    right: 12px !important;
                    top: 50% !important;
                    transform: translateY(-50%) !important;
                }

                /* Cards & grid items */
                .single-courses-box, .single-blog-post, .single-services-box, .single-features { margin-bottom: 20px; }
                .single-courses-box .courses-image img { height: auto; max-height: 200px; object-fit: cover; }

                /* Contact info boxes */
                .contact-info-box { padding: 20px 15px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
                .contact-info-box .icon i { font-size: 30px; }

                /* Footer */
                .footer-area { padding: 35px 0 15px; }
                .single-footer-widget { margin-bottom: 25px; }
                .single-footer-widget h3 { font-size: 17px; }
                .copyright-area { padding: 15px 0; }
                .copyright-area p { font-size: 12px; }

                /* Forms */
                .form-group label { font-size: 13px; }
                .form-control { font-size: 14px; }
                .contact-form form .form-group { margin-bottom: 14px; }

                /* Editorial board / team images */
                .single-team-member img { width: 80px; height: 80px; }

                /* Typography general */
                h1, .section-title h2 { font-size: 24px !important; }
                h2 { font-size: 22px !important; }
                h3 { font-size: 18px !important; }

                /* Tables on content pages */
                .table-responsive { overflow-x: auto; -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; }
                table { font-size: 13px; }
                table th, table td { padding: 8px 10px !important; }

                /* General images — prevent overflow */
                img { max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

                /* Prevent horizontal scroll */
                body { overflow-x: hidden; }

                /* Article detail pages */
                .courses-details-desc { padding: 20px !important; }
                .courses-details-desc .article-content p { font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.7; }

                /* Sidebars — stack below */
                .courses-details-info { margin-top: 30px; }

                /* Overview / about sections */
                .overview-box .overview-content, .about-content { padding: 20px !important; }
                .overview-box .overview-image { margin-bottom: 20px; }

                /* Blog cards */
                .single-blog-post .blog-post-content { padding: 15px; }
                .single-blog-post .blog-post-content h3 { font-size: 16px; }

                /* Owl carousel dots & nav */
                .owl-dots { margin-top: 15px !important; }

                /* Submit manuscript page */
                .manuscript-form-container { padding: 20px !important; }

                /* General buttons (non-banner) */
                .default-btn { padding: 10px 40px 10px 14px !important; font-size: 13px !important; }
                .optional-btn { padding: 10px 40px 10px 14px !important; font-size: 13px !important; }

                /* Archive / issue list */
                .courses-content h3 a { font-size: 14px; }
                .courses-content .courses-content-footer { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
            }


            /* ====== 13"/14" LAPTOP FIX (1200px - 1440px) ====== */
            /* Auto-detected via CSS media query — no JS needed    */
            @media (min-width: 1200px) and (max-width: 1440px) {

                /* Shrink logo image slightly */
                .main-navbar .navbar-brand img {
                    height: 58px !important;
                    transform: scale(1.15) !important;
                    transform-origin: left center !important;
                }

                /* Tighten nav link font + spacing */
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-item .nav-link {
                    font-size: 13px !important;
                    padding-left: 7px !important;
                    padding-right: 7px !important;
                    white-space: nowrap !important;
                }

                /* Prevent wrapping at all costs */
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav {
                    flex-wrap: nowrap !important;
                    gap: 0 !important;
                }

                /* Shrink the Submit Manuscript button */
                .main-navbar .navbar-btn .default-btn,
                .option-item .navbar-btn .default-btn {
                    font-size: 12px !important;
                    padding: 10px 38px 10px 14px !important;
                    letter-spacing: 0.2px !important;
                }

                /* Tighten right-side icon spacing */
                .main-navbar .others-options {
                    margin-left: 4px !important;
                    margin-right: 4px !important;
                }

                /* Reduce navbar container left/right padding */
                .main-navbar .container {
                    padding-left: 10px !important;
                    padding-right: 10px !important;
                }

                /* Reduce brand margin-right */
                .main-navbar .navbar-brand {
                    margin-right: 8px !important;
                }
            }
            /* ====== END LAPTOP FIX ====== */
            /* Very small phones */
            @media (max-width: 420px) {
                .main-responsive-nav .logo img {
                    height: 48px !important;
                    max-width: 195px !important;
                }
                .responsive-user-icon { right: 65px; gap: 14px; }
                .mobile-user-btn { width: 30px; height: 30px; font-size: 13px; border-radius: 6px; }
                .responsive-user-icon .search-box i { font-size: 17px; }

                .page-banner-with-full-image { height: 160px !important; min-height: 160px !important; max-height: 160px !important; }
                .page-banner-content-two h2 { font-size: 25px !important; }

                .main-banner-content h1, .main-slides-content h1 { font-size: 18px !important; }

                .banner-btn .default-btn,
                .banner-btn .optional-btn {
                    width: 180px !important;
                    font-size: 13px !important;
                    padding: 10px 40px 10px 14px !important;
                }

                .single-courses-box .courses-content { padding: 12px; }
                .single-courses-box .courses-content h3 { font-size: 14px; }

                .footer-area .container { padding: 0 12px; }
            }
            /* ====== MODERN DESKTOP DROPDOWN UI ====== */
            @media (min-width: 1200px) {
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-item .dropdown-menu {
                    border: 1px solid #f1f5f9 !important;
                    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.08) !important;
                    border-radius: 14px !important;
                    padding: 12px 8px !important;
                    min-width: 240px !important;
                    background: #ffffff !important;
                }
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-item .dropdown-menu li {
                    margin-bottom: 4px !important;
                }
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-item .dropdown-menu li:last-child {
                    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
                }
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-item .dropdown-menu li .nav-link {
                    border-radius: 8px !important;
                    padding: 11px 18px !important;
                    font-size: 14px !important;
                    font-weight: 500 !important;
                    color: #334155 !important;
                    transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) !important;
                    border-bottom: none !important;
                    position: relative;
                    overflow: hidden;
                    display: flex;
                    align-items: center;
                }
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-item .dropdown-menu li .nav-link:hover {
                    background: #e3eefc !important;
                    color: #1658b3 !important;
                    padding-left: 24px !important;
                }
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-item .dropdown-menu li .nav-link::before {
                    content: '';
                    position: absolute;
                    left: 0;
                    top: 15%;
                    height: 70%;
                    width: 3px;
                    background: #1658b3;
                    transform: scaleY(0);
                    transition: transform 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
                    border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
                }
                .main-navbar .navbar-nav .nav-item .dropdown-menu li .nav-link:hover::before {
                    transform: scaleY(1);
                }
            }
 @media (max-width: 767px) {
                  /* 1. Increase Main Heading Font Size */
                  .main-banner-content h1 {
                  font-size: 38px !important;
                  line-height: 1.2 !important;
                  }
                  .main-banner-content h1 span {
                  font-size: 34px !important;
                  }
                  /* 2. Increase Button Size */
                  .main-banner-content .banner-btn .default-btn,
                  .main-banner-content .banner-btn .optional-btn {
                  font-size: 18px !important;
                  padding: 15px 30px !important;
                  min-width: 270px;
                  margin-bottom: 15px;
                  }
                  /* 3. Set Logos to 2 in a row */
                  .mobile-logo-grid {
                  display: grid !important;
                  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
                  gap: 20px;
                  justify-items: center;
                  margin-top: 20px;
                  }
                  .mobile-logo-grid img {
                  margin-right: 0 !important; /* Removes the inline 20px right margin so they center properly */
                  height: auto !important;
                  max-width: 100px; /* Keeps them from getting too big */
                  }
                  }